Checklist for Pirates Attack or Transit in HRA (High-Risk Area)

Introduction

Piracy may sound like a thing of the past, but for those of us in the merchant navy, it’s still very much a real and present danger—especially when steaming through High-Risk Areas (HRA). Whether you’re heading towards the Gulf of Aden, the Somali coast, the Strait of Malacca, or parts of West Africa, preparation is not just necessary—it could mean the difference between safety and a security incident at sea.

As a seafarer myself, I’ve crossed these waters a few times. And trust me, nothing beats the feeling of knowing your ship and your crew are ready. So, let’s dive into this practical and easy-to-follow checklist that every bridge watchkeeper, Master, or vessel operator should know when transiting through pirate-prone regions.

What is a High-Risk Area (HRA)?

An HRA is a sea region identified by maritime authorities where pirate attacks are either highly likely or have historically occurred. These zones are defined and regularly updated by organizations like the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the UK Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO).

Some of the most well-known HRAs include:

• Gulf of Aden
• Eastern and Southern Red Sea
• Indian Ocean (Northeast coast of Somalia)
• Gulf of Guinea (West Africa)
• Straits of Malacca and Singapore

Why Do Ships Need to Be Extra Cautious in HRAs?

Let’s put it this way: sailing through an HRA is like driving through a dangerous neighborhood with your windows down and doors unlocked. Pirates mostly target slow-moving vessels with low freeboards, especially those without proper lookouts or defensive arrangements.

These criminals are often armed and can board ships in minutes. They’re after cargo, ransom, or in some cases, just valuables onboard. That’s why the stakes are so high. Getting lax in these zones can cost the company millions and put lives at risk.

Who Should Be Involved in Anti-Piracy Preparations?

Piracy defense isn’t just the Master’s job—it’s a full-crew effort. Everyone from deck ratings to engineers, the cook, and especially the bridge team plays a role in keeping the ship safe. Coordination between departments is key.

The following personnel must be actively involved:

• Master & Chief Officer: For planning and execution of anti-piracy measures.
• Bridge Watchkeepers: Responsible for lookouts and navigation.
• Crew Members & Ratings: Act as extra lookouts or assist in readiness drills.
• Engine Room Staff: Must ensure high speed availability and blackout control.

How to Prepare for HRA Entry – The Anti-Piracy Checklist

Below is a simplified but complete checklist that ensures the vessel is ready before entering any High-Risk Area:

1. Communication and Reporting

• Register with UKMTO and MSCHOA: UK Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) and Maritime Security Centre Horn of Africa (MSCHOA) must be informed before entry.
• Daily Position Updates: Send daily updates to UKMTO while transiting HRA.
• Navtex & Inmarsat: Ensure these systems are ON and monitored.
• VHF Channels: Monitor CH-16 and CH-8 as advised.

2. Ship Preparedness – Physical Measures

• Razor Wires & Barbed Fencing: Install around ship’s periphery, especially low freeboard areas.
• Securing Access Points: Lock doors and control entry to accommodation and engine room.
• Dummy Lookouts or Mannequins: Place on deck to simulate 24/7 vigilance.
• Fire Hoses & High-Pressure Jets: Keep rigged and ready to deter boarding.

3. Maintaining High Speed in HRA

• Maximum Safe Speed: Pirates usually target slower vessels, so keeping speed up can save you.
• Engine Readiness: Make sure E/R can respond quickly to maneuvering orders.

4. Bridge Team Awareness & Watchkeeping

• Extra Lookouts Set: Maintain visual and radar watch at all times.
• Night Vision / Binoculars: Keep at hand for suspicious targets.
• Alarms and Alerts: Use PA system for community updates and emergency situations.

5. Citadel or Safe Room Readiness

In case pirates manage to board the vessel, crew must retreat to a pre-designated Citadel.

• Access Sealed and Hidden: Entry to be secured and not easily visible or reachable.
• Stock Emergency Rations: Water and food must last for minimum 3 days.
• Independent Communication: Include sat-phone or GMDSS in Citadel.
• CCTV Feed (Optional): For checking situation outside without opening door.

6. Drills and Training

• Anti-Piracy Drill: Must be conducted before entering HRA.
• Assign Duties: Each crew member must know their role during an attack.
• Evacuation Routes Marked: Clear signage for escape to Citadel or safe zone.

7. Log and Documentation

• Piracy Risk Assessment: Complete RA and review frequently.
• Checklists Signed Off: Master must ensure tasks are completed and documented.
• Status Reported: Updates to company Designated Person Ashore (DPA) to be sent regularly.

What Actions to Take If Pirates Are Spotted?

This is the stressful part—but having a plan makes all the difference.

• Activate SSAS (Ship Security Alert System): Immediately notify concerned security networks.
• Change Course & Speed: Make evasive maneuvers—Zigzagging can create difficulty in boarding.
• Sound General Alarm: All crew to muster or head to Citadel.
• Inform UKMTO / DPA: As soon as it’s safe, report the incident.

When Should HRA Preparations Begin?

Good question—and the answer is early. Preparations should begin at least 72 hours before entering the high-risk zone. This leaves enough time for crew briefings, physical gear setup, drills, and communication with maritime authorities.

Are Armed Guards Needed?

That’s a company-specific policy. But many vessels now transit HRAs with Private Maritime Security Companies (PMSCs). Having armed guards onboard can be a major deterrent, but it also comes with additional regulatory and legal considerations, including port clearances.

Make sure to check if entry to destination ports is allowed with armed security onboard.

Final Thoughts

Sailing through a High-Risk Area is serious business. But with the right checklist, solid crew coordination, and a bit of common sense, ships can greatly reduce the threat of a piracy incident.

I’ve personally seen ships that followed the checklist glide smoothly through notorious zones—while others that didn’t bother had a few close calls.

So don’t skip the small stuff. Because in HRA operations, it’s the little preparations that lead to big safety.

Safe seas and calm voyages!